1. Definition of Discussion
Discussion is a text which presents a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints; the for and against, the positive and negative, or the good and bad points. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.It can be in oral or written form.
Discussion is a process to find the meet point between two different ideas. It is important to to get the understanding between the two differences. In many social activities, discussion is the effective way to calm down any friction and difference in thought, perception and recommendation.
2. Generic Structure of Discussion Text
2. Generic Structure of Discussion Text
• Issue:
- statement
- preview
• Arguments for (supporting points):
- point or main idea
- ellaboration
• Arguments against (contrasting points) of differing points of view:
- point or main idea
- ellaboration
• Conclusion or Recommendation: stating the writer' s recommendation
of the discourse
3. Language Features of Discussion
• Focus on generic participant
• Use of material processes (has produced, have developed, to feed)
• Use of relational process (is, could have, cause, are)
• Use of mental process (feel,hope, believe, etc)
• Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the other hand, however, etc
• Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
• Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc
• Use of comparative: contrastive adn consequential conjunctions
• Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns (abstraction)
4. Contoh Teks DiscussionPerhatikan contoh teks discussion dibawah ini, amatilah generic structure
dan lexico grammatical features dari teks tersebut.
- preview
• Arguments for (supporting points):
- point or main idea
- ellaboration
• Arguments against (contrasting points) of differing points of view:
- point or main idea
- ellaboration
• Conclusion or Recommendation: stating the writer' s recommendation
of the discourse
3. Language Features of Discussion
• Focus on generic participant
• Use of material processes (has produced, have developed, to feed)
• Use of relational process (is, could have, cause, are)
• Use of mental process (feel,hope, believe, etc)
• Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the other hand, however, etc
• Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc
• Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc
• Use of comparative: contrastive adn consequential conjunctions
• Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns (abstraction)
4. Contoh Teks DiscussionPerhatikan contoh teks discussion dibawah ini, amatilah generic structure
dan lexico grammatical features dari teks tersebut.
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Power
Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various parts of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It causes no pollution
as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
• It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
• It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
• It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
• It produces small amount of waste.
• It is reliable.
as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
• It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
• It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.
• It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
• It produces small amount of waste.
• It is reliable.
On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident can be a major accident.
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.
The example of discussion text above presents the two poles, between the advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear plant to fulfill the energy needed. It is a case which needs to be talked and discussed from two points.
They are represented in the generic structure which is used: Stating the Issue: In the first paragraph, it is stated that using nuclear power can be the choice in fulfilling the needed energy.
Arguments for/Supporting Point: In the second paragraph, it is presented the advantages of nuclear power plant to be used as the source of the world’s energy needed
Argument against/Contrastive Point: The third paragraph shows the balance. It gives the contradictory idea in using nuclear power plant as the resource of energy.
Recommendation: This text is ended with a similar recommendation on how people should concern in the matter of nuclear energy.
Examples of discussion texts include:
• talkback radio
• debates
• current affairs interviews
• letters to the editor
• essays
• newspaper articles
Contoh Soal
Choose the best answer by crossing either A, B, C, D, or E.
Text 1.
Beggars have become a big problem for us today. They come as street musicians, street boys, "sick" people, "lost" people, or just beggars. As their number is getting bigger, the municipal government feels the need to set a regulation to ban beggars. Many people support this.
They say that begging makes people lazy and bad survivors. They are like parasites. Criminals take advantage of their existence. Car drivers are strong-armed in crossroads, motorbikes are seized, trucks are hijacked, etc. A man in a rural area takes them to the city with his truck in the morning and pick them up in the afternoon. They have made an agreement to share what they get. Some children are reported to have been kidnapped not for ransom. They are forced to be beggars.
Some people, however, say that we must help beggars. They become beggars because they have no choice. What they get everyday is only enough for buying food. Being a beggar is better than being a thief or a robber. So it is a high time to apply their religious teaching to care for others. In addition, what they do is to help the government to check crime-rates.
Despite the controversy of their existence, beggars continue to color the life of urban people.
1. Where are beggars mostly found?
A. In cities.
B. In rural areas.
C. In small towns.
D. In country sides.
E. In small villages.
2. Why do some people disagree to help beggars?
A. They are rich.
B. They are not criminals.
C. They are mostly villagers.
D. They are lazy and bad survivors.
E. They only make use of their time.
3. What does the writer think about the man who transports beggars from
their villages to the city?
A. He is generous.
B. He is exploitative.
C. He is very helpful.
D. He is their protector.
E. He is doing business.
Text 2
GM foods have called ”Frankenfoods” after the scientist in Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein. In the book, Frankenstein creates a monster that turns against him and his family. Off all the things genetic engineering can do, GM (genetically modified ) foods are probably the most talked about. GM foods could
help and end hunger around the word, but many people worry about how safe they are.
The GM foods people eat have all been tested for safety. Millions of people have already eaten GM foods. For example, to make GM tomatoes, some tomatoes have had their genes altered to stop them from going soft while they are growing. For several years they were widely sold in tomato paste.
However, many people protest against GM foods. They often imagine GM foods are weird combinations of different species although, in fact, the foods usually look exactly like normal foods. They are still afraid that the food could be bad for them in ways they do not yet understand.
Due to the controversies, many shops have stopped selling them.
Adopted from: Anna Claybourne, Introdution to genes 7 DNA, London, Us borne Publishing Ltd, 2003
4. Why do people protest against DM foods?
A. They are not safe for health.
B. They have uninteresting forms.
C. They imagine GM foods as weird combination of different species.
D. GM foods have their genes to remain fresh.
E. They have not been tasted for safety.
5. What is the main idea of paragraph three?
A. Arguments pro GM foods
B. Arguments against GM foods
C. The consequence of the pros and cons of GM foods
D. The advantages of GM foods
E. Another name of GM foods
They are represented in the generic structure which is used: Stating the Issue: In the first paragraph, it is stated that using nuclear power can be the choice in fulfilling the needed energy.
Arguments for/Supporting Point: In the second paragraph, it is presented the advantages of nuclear power plant to be used as the source of the world’s energy needed
Argument against/Contrastive Point: The third paragraph shows the balance. It gives the contradictory idea in using nuclear power plant as the resource of energy.
Recommendation: This text is ended with a similar recommendation on how people should concern in the matter of nuclear energy.
 |
| Info Tambahan klik disini |
• talkback radio
• debates
• current affairs interviews
• letters to the editor
• essays
• newspaper articles
Contoh Soal
Choose the best answer by crossing either A, B, C, D, or E.
Text 1.
Beggars have become a big problem for us today. They come as street musicians, street boys, "sick" people, "lost" people, or just beggars. As their number is getting bigger, the municipal government feels the need to set a regulation to ban beggars. Many people support this.
They say that begging makes people lazy and bad survivors. They are like parasites. Criminals take advantage of their existence. Car drivers are strong-armed in crossroads, motorbikes are seized, trucks are hijacked, etc. A man in a rural area takes them to the city with his truck in the morning and pick them up in the afternoon. They have made an agreement to share what they get. Some children are reported to have been kidnapped not for ransom. They are forced to be beggars.
Some people, however, say that we must help beggars. They become beggars because they have no choice. What they get everyday is only enough for buying food. Being a beggar is better than being a thief or a robber. So it is a high time to apply their religious teaching to care for others. In addition, what they do is to help the government to check crime-rates.
Despite the controversy of their existence, beggars continue to color the life of urban people.
1. Where are beggars mostly found?
A. In cities.
B. In rural areas.
C. In small towns.
D. In country sides.
E. In small villages.
2. Why do some people disagree to help beggars?
A. They are rich.
B. They are not criminals.
C. They are mostly villagers.
D. They are lazy and bad survivors.
E. They only make use of their time.
3. What does the writer think about the man who transports beggars from
their villages to the city?
A. He is generous.
B. He is exploitative.
C. He is very helpful.
D. He is their protector.
E. He is doing business.
Text 2
GM foods have called ”Frankenfoods” after the scientist in Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein. In the book, Frankenstein creates a monster that turns against him and his family. Off all the things genetic engineering can do, GM (genetically modified ) foods are probably the most talked about. GM foods could
help and end hunger around the word, but many people worry about how safe they are.
The GM foods people eat have all been tested for safety. Millions of people have already eaten GM foods. For example, to make GM tomatoes, some tomatoes have had their genes altered to stop them from going soft while they are growing. For several years they were widely sold in tomato paste.
However, many people protest against GM foods. They often imagine GM foods are weird combinations of different species although, in fact, the foods usually look exactly like normal foods. They are still afraid that the food could be bad for them in ways they do not yet understand.
Due to the controversies, many shops have stopped selling them.
Adopted from: Anna Claybourne, Introdution to genes 7 DNA, London, Us borne Publishing Ltd, 2003
4. Why do people protest against DM foods?
A. They are not safe for health.
B. They have uninteresting forms.
C. They imagine GM foods as weird combination of different species.
D. GM foods have their genes to remain fresh.
E. They have not been tasted for safety.
5. What is the main idea of paragraph three?
A. Arguments pro GM foods
B. Arguments against GM foods
C. The consequence of the pros and cons of GM foods
D. The advantages of GM foods
E. Another name of GM foods
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